ArduinoISP
这段代码是一个Arduino程序,用于将Arduino转换为一个AVR ISP(In-System Programmer),可以用来编程和操作AVR微控制器。
// ArduinoISP version 04m3
// Copyright (c) 2008-2011 Randall Bohn
// If you require a license, see
// http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
//
// This sketch turns the Arduino into a AVRISP
// using the following arduino pins:
//
// pin name: not-mega: mega(1280 and 2560)
// slave reset: 10: 53
// MOSI: 11: 51
// MISO: 12: 50
// SCK: 13: 52
//
// Put an LED (with resistor) on the following pins:
// 9: Heartbeat - shows the programmer is running
// 8: Error - Lights up if something goes wrong (use red if that makes sense)
// 7: Programming - In communication with the slave
//
// 23 July 2011 Randall Bohn
// -Address Arduino issue 509 :: Portability of ArduinoISP
// http://code.google.com/p/arduino/issues/detail?id=509
//
// October 2010 by Randall Bohn
// - Write to EEPROM > 256 bytes
// - Better use of LEDs:
// -- Flash LED_PMODE on each flash commit
// -- Flash LED_PMODE while writing EEPROM (both give visual feedback of writing progress)
// - Light LED_ERR whenever we hit a STK_NOSYNC. Turn it off when back in sync.
// - Use pins_arduino.h (should also work on Arduino Mega)
//
// October 2009 by David A. Mellis
// - Added support for the read signature command
//
// February 2009 by Randall Bohn
// - Added support for writing to EEPROM (what took so long?)
// Windows users should consider WinAVR's avrdude instead of the
// avrdude included with Arduino software.
//
// January 2008 by Randall Bohn
// - Thanks to Amplificar for helping me with the STK500 protocol
// - The AVRISP/STK500 (mk I) protocol is used in the arduino bootloader
// - The SPI functions herein were developed for the AVR910_ARD programmer
// - More information at http://code.google.com/p/mega-isp
#include "pins_arduino.h"
#define RESET SS
#define LED_HB 9
#define LED_ERR 8
#define LED_PMODE 7
#define PROG_FLICKER true
#define HWVER 2
#define SWMAJ 1
#define SWMIN 18
// STK Definitions
#define STK_OK 0x10
#define STK_FAILED 0x11
#define STK_UNKNOWN 0x12
#define STK_INSYNC 0x14
#define STK_NOSYNC 0x15
#define CRC_EOP 0x20 //ok it is a space...
void pulse(int pin, int times);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(19200);
pinMode(LED_PMODE, OUTPUT);
pulse(LED_PMODE, 2);
pinMode(LED_ERR, OUTPUT);
pulse(LED_ERR, 2);
pinMode(LED_HB, OUTPUT);
pulse(LED_HB, 2);
}
int error = 0;
int pmode = 0;
// address for reading and writing, set by 'U' command
int here;
uint8_t buff[256]; // global block storage
#define beget16(addr) (*addr * 256 + *(addr+1) )
typedef struct param {
uint8_t devicecode;
uint8_t revision;
uint8_t progtype;
uint8_t parmode;
uint8_t polling;
uint8_t selftimed;
uint8_t lockbytes;
uint8_t fusebytes;
int flashpoll;
int eeprompoll;
int pagesize;
int eepromsize;
int flashsize;
}
parameter;
parameter param;
// this provides a heartbeat on pin 9, so you can tell the software is running.
uint8_t hbval = 128;
int8_t hbdelta = 8;
void heartbeat() {
if (hbval > 192) hbdelta = -hbdelta;
if (hbval < 32) hbdelta = -hbdelta;
hbval += hbdelta;
analogWrite(LED_HB, hbval);
delay(20);
}
void loop(void) {
// is pmode active?
if (pmode) digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, HIGH);
else digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, LOW);
// is there an error?
if (error) digitalWrite(LED_ERR, HIGH);
else digitalWrite(LED_ERR, LOW);
// light the heartbeat LED
heartbeat();
if (Serial.available()) {
avrisp();
}
}
uint8_t getch() {
while (!Serial.available());
return Serial.read();
}
void fill(int n) {
for (int x = 0; x < n; x++) {
buff[x] = getch();
}
}
#define PTIME 30
void pulse(int pin, int times) {
do {
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);
delay(PTIME);
digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
delay(PTIME);
}
while (times--);
}
void prog_lamp(int state) {
if (PROG_FLICKER)
digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, state);
}
void spi_init() {
uint8_t x;
SPCR = 0x53;
x = SPSR;
x = SPDR;
}
void spi_wait() {
do {
}
while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF)));
}
uint8_t spi_send(uint8_t b) {
uint8_t reply;
SPDR = b;
spi_wait();
reply = SPDR;
return reply;
}
uint8_t spi_transaction(uint8_t a, uint8_t b, uint8_t c, uint8_t d) {
uint8_t n;
spi_send(a);
n = spi_send(b);
//if (n != a) error = -1;
n = spi_send(c);
return spi_send(d);
}
void empty_reply() {
if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
Serial.print((char)STK_INSYNC);
Serial.print((char)STK_OK);
}
else {
error++;
Serial.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
}
}
void breply(uint8_t b) {
if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
Serial.print((char)STK_INSYNC);
Serial.print((char)b);
Serial.print((char)STK_OK);
}
else {
error++;
Serial.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
}
}
void get_version(uint8_t c) {
switch (c) {
case 0x80:
breply(HWVER);
break;
case 0x81:
breply(SWMAJ);
break;
case 0x82:
breply(SWMIN);
break;
case 0x93:
breply('S'); // serial programmer
break;
default:
breply(0);
}
}
void set_parameters() {
// call this after reading paramter packet into buff[]
param.devicecode = buff[0];
param.revision = buff[1];
param.progtype = buff[2];
param.parmode = buff[3];
param.polling = buff[4];
param.selftimed = buff[5];
param.lockbytes = buff[6];
param.fusebytes = buff[7];
param.flashpoll = buff[8];
// ignore buff[9] (= buff[8])
// following are 16 bits (big endian)
param.eeprompoll = beget16(&buff[10]);
param.pagesize = beget16(&buff[12]);
param.eepromsize = beget16(&buff[14]);
// 32 bits flashsize (big endian)
param.flashsize = buff[16] * 0x01000000
+ buff[17] * 0x00010000
+ buff[18] * 0x00000100
+ buff[19];
}
void start_pmode() {
spi_init();
// following delays may not work on all targets...
pinMode(RESET, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(RESET, HIGH);
pinMode(SCK, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(SCK, LOW);
delay(50);
digitalWrite(RESET, LOW);
delay(50);
pinMode(MISO, INPUT);
pinMode(MOSI, OUTPUT);
spi_transaction(0xAC, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00);
pmode = 1;
}
void end_pmode() {
pinMode(MISO, INPUT);
pinMode(MOSI, INPUT);
pinMode(SCK, INPUT);
pinMode(RESET, INPUT);
pmode = 0;
}
void universal() {
int w;
uint8_t ch;
fill(4);
ch = spi_transaction(buff[0], buff[1], buff[2], buff[3]);
breply(ch);
}
void flash(uint8_t hilo, int addr, uint8_t data) {
spi_transaction(0x40 + 8 * hilo,
addr >> 8 & 0xFF,
addr & 0xFF,
data);
}
void commit(int addr) {
if (PROG_FLICKER) prog_lamp(LOW);
spi_transaction(0x4C, (addr >> 8) & 0xFF, addr & 0xFF, 0);
if (PROG_FLICKER) {
delay(PTIME);
prog_lamp(HIGH);
}
}
//#define _current_page(x) (here & 0xFFFFE0)
int current_page(int addr) {
if (param.pagesize == 32) return here & 0xFFFFFFF0;
if (param.pagesize == 64) return here & 0xFFFFFFE0;
if (param.pagesize == 128) return here & 0xFFFFFFC0;
if (param.pagesize == 256) return here & 0xFFFFFF80;
return here;
}
void write_flash(int length) {
fill(length);
if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
Serial.print((char) write_flash_pages(length));
}
else {
error++;
Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
}
}
uint8_t write_flash_pages(int length) {
int x = 0;
int page = current_page(here);
while (x < length) {
if (page != current_page(here)) {
commit(page);
page = current_page(here);
}
flash(LOW, here, buff[x++]);
flash(HIGH, here, buff[x++]);
here++;
}
commit(page);
return STK_OK;
}
#define EECHUNK (32)
uint8_t write_eeprom(int length) {
// here is a word address, get the byte address
int start = here * 2;
int remaining = length;
if (length > param.eepromsize) {
error++;
return STK_FAILED;
}
while (remaining > EECHUNK) {
write_eeprom_chunk(start, EECHUNK);
start += EECHUNK;
remaining -= EECHUNK;
}
write_eeprom_chunk(start, remaining);
return STK_OK;
}
// write (length) bytes, (start) is a byte address
uint8_t write_eeprom_chunk(int start, int length) {
// this writes byte-by-byte,
// page writing may be faster (4 bytes at a time)
fill(length);
prog_lamp(LOW);
for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
int addr = start + x;
spi_transaction(0xC0, (addr >> 8) & 0xFF, addr & 0xFF, buff[x]);
delay(45);
}
prog_lamp(HIGH);
return STK_OK;
}
void program_page() {
char result = (char) STK_FAILED;
int length = 256 * getch();
length += getch();
char memtype = getch();
// flash memory @here, (length) bytes
if (memtype == 'F') {
write_flash(length);
return;
}
if (memtype == 'E') {
result = (char)write_eeprom(length);
if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
Serial.print(result);
}
else {
error++;
Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
}
return;
}
Serial.print((char)STK_FAILED);
return;
}
uint8_t flash_read(uint8_t hilo, int addr) {
return spi_transaction(0x20 + hilo * 8,
(addr >> 8) & 0xFF,
addr & 0xFF,
0);
}
char flash_read_page(int length) {
for (int x = 0; x < length; x += 2) {
uint8_t low = flash_read(LOW, here);
Serial.print((char) low);
uint8_t high = flash_read(HIGH, here);
Serial.print((char) high);
here++;
}
return STK_OK;
}
char eeprom_read_page(int length) {
// here again we have a word address
int start = here * 2;
for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
int addr = start + x;
uint8_t ee = spi_transaction(0xA0, (addr >> 8) & 0xFF, addr & 0xFF, 0xFF);
Serial.print((char) ee);
}
return STK_OK;
}
void read_page() {
char result = (char)STK_FAILED;
int length = 256 * getch();
length += getch();
char memtype = getch();
if (CRC_EOP != getch()) {
error++;
Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
return;
}
Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
if (memtype == 'F') result = flash_read_page(length);
if (memtype == 'E') result = eeprom_read_page(length);
Serial.print(result);
return;
}
void read_signature() {
if (CRC_EOP != getch()) {
error++;
Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
return;
}
Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
uint8_t high = spi_transaction(0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
Serial.print((char) high);
uint8_t middle = spi_transaction(0x30, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00);
Serial.print((char) middle);
uint8_t low = spi_transaction(0x30, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00);
Serial.print((char) low);
Serial.print((char) STK_OK);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////
int avrisp() {
uint8_t data, low, high;
uint8_t ch = getch();
switch (ch) {
case '0': // signon
error = 0;
empty_reply();
break;
case '1':
if (getch() == CRC_EOP) {
Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
Serial.print("AVR ISP");
Serial.print((char) STK_OK);
}
break;
case 'A':
get_version(getch());
break;
case 'B':
fill(20);
set_parameters();
empty_reply();
break;
case 'E': // extended parameters - ignore for now
fill(5);
empty_reply();
break;
case 'P':
start_pmode();
empty_reply();
break;
case 'U': // set address (word)
here = getch();
here += 256 * getch();
empty_reply();
break;
case 0x60: //STK_PROG_FLASH
low = getch();
high = getch();
empty_reply();
break;
case 0x61: //STK_PROG_DATA
data = getch();
empty_reply();
break;
case 0x64: //STK_PROG_PAGE
program_page();
break;
case 0x74: //STK_READ_PAGE 't'
read_page();
break;
case 'V': //0x56
universal();
break;
case 'Q': //0x51
error = 0;
end_pmode();
empty_reply();
break;
case 0x75: //STK_READ_SIGN 'u'
read_signature();
break;
// expecting a command, not CRC_EOP
// this is how we can get back in sync
case CRC_EOP:
error++;
Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
break;
// anything else we will return STK_UNKNOWN
default:
error++;
if (CRC_EOP == getch())
Serial.print((char)STK_UNKNOWN);
else
Serial.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
}
}
1. 程序功能概述
功能:
将Arduino变成一个ISP(In-System Programmer),用于编程和操作AVR微控制器。
硬件要求:
-
Arduino Leonardo、Micro、Due或其他支持SPI通信的Arduino开发板。
-
一个目标AVR微控制器,通过SPI接口连接到Arduino。
-
三个LED(带电阻)分别连接到数字引脚9(心跳)、8(错误)、7(编程模式)。
输出:
通过串口与主机通信,执行编程和读取操作。
警告:
当使用Mouse.move()
命令时,Arduino会接管您的鼠标。确保在运行程序之前,您能够通过其他方式(如物理按键)控制鼠标,以避免失去鼠标控制。
2. 代码结构
全局变量
#define RESET SS
#define LED_HB 9
#define LED_ERR 8
#define LED_PMODE 7
#define PROG_FLICKER true
#define HWVER 2
#define SWMAJ 1
#define SWMIN 18
// STK Definitions
#define STK_OK 0x10
#define STK_FAILED 0x11
#define STK_UNKNOWN 0x12
#define STK_INSYNC 0x14
#define STK_NOSYNC 0x15
#define CRC_EOP 0x20 //ok it is a space...
-
定义了重置引脚、LED引脚、硬件版本号、软件版本号等。
-
定义了STK协议的状态码和特殊字符。
setup()
函数
void setup() {
Serial.begin(19200);
pinMode(LED_PMODE, OUTPUT);
pulse(LED_PMODE, 2);
pinMode(LED_ERR, OUTPUT);
pulse(LED_ERR, 2);
pinMode(LED_HB, OUTPUT);
pulse(LED_HB, 2);
}
-
初始化串口通信,波特率设置为19200。
-
设置LED引脚为输出模式,并闪烁两次以确认程序启动。
loop()
函数
void loop(void) {
// is pmode active?
if (pmode) digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, HIGH);
else digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, LOW);
// is there an error?
if (error) digitalWrite(LED_ERR, HIGH);
else digitalWrite(LED_ERR, LOW);
// light the heartbeat LED
heartbeat();
if (Serial.available()) {
avrisp();
}
}
-
根据编程模式和错误状态点亮或熄灭相应的LED。
-
调用
heartbeat()
函数闪烁心跳LED。 -
如果串口有数据可用,调用
avrisp()
函数处理串口命令。
avrisp()
函数
int avrisp() {
uint8_t ch = getch();
switch (ch) {
case '0': // signon
error = 0;
empty_reply();
break;
case '1':
if (getch() == CRC_EOP) {
Serial.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
Serial.print("AVR ISP");
Serial.print((char) STK_OK);
}
break;
case 'A':
get_version(getch());
break;
case 'B':
fill(20);
set_parameters();
empty_reply();
break;
case 'E': // extended parameters - ignore for now
fill(5);
empty_reply();
break;
case 'P':
start_pmode();
empty_reply();
break;
case 'U': // set address (word)
here = getch();
here += 256 * getch();
empty_reply();
break;
case 0x60: //STK_PROG_FLASH
low = getch();
high = getch();
empty_reply();
break;
case 0x61: //STK_PROG_DATA
data = getch();
empty_reply();
break;
case 0x64: //STK_PROG_PAGE
program_page();
break;
case 0x74: //STK_READ_PAGE 't'
read_page();
break;
case 'V': //0x56
universal();
break;
case 'Q': //0x51
error = 0;
end_pmode();
empty_reply();
break;
case 0x75: //STK_READ_SIGN 'u'
read_signature();
break;
case CRC_EOP:
error++;
Serial.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
break;
default:
error++;
if (CRC_EOP == getch())
Serial.print((char)STK_UNKNOWN);
else
Serial.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
}
}
处理串口命令:
avrisp()
函数通过读取串口命令并根据命令类型执行不同的操作。
支持的命令包括:
-
0
:签名(signon)。 -
1
:确认连接。 -
A
:获取版本信息。 -
B
:设置参数。 -
E
:扩展参数(目前忽略)。 -
P
:进入编程模式。 -
U
:设置地址。 -
0x60
:编程闪存。 -
0x61
:编程数据。 -
0x64
:编程页面。 -
0x74
:读取页面。 -
V
:通用命令。 -
Q
:退出编程模式。 -
0x75
:读取签名。 -
CRC_EOP
:同步失败。 -
默认:未知命令。
其他辅助函数
-
getch()
:从串口读取一个字节。 -
fill()
:从串口读取多个字节并存储到缓冲区。 -
pulse()
:闪烁LED。 -
prog_lamp()
:控制编程模式LED。 -
spi_init()
:初始化SPI通信。 -
spi_wait()
:等待SPI通信完成。 -
spi_send()
:发送一个字节通过SPI。 -
spi_transaction()
:执行一个SPI事务。 -
empty_reply()
:发送一个空的回复。 -
breply()
:发送一个带参数的回复。 -
get_version()
:处理版本信息请求。 -
set_parameters()
:设置编程参数。 -
start_pmode()
:进入编程模式。 -
end_pmode()
:退出编程模式。 -
universal()
:处理通用命令。 -
flash()
:写入闪存。 -
commit()
:提交编程。 -
current_page()
:计算当前页面地址。 -
write_flash()
:写入闪存页面。 -
write_eeprom()
:写入EEPROM。 -
write_eeprom_chunk()
:写入EEPROM块。 -
program_page()
:编程页面。 -
flash_read()
:读取闪存。 -
flash_read_page()
:读取闪存页面。 -
eeprom_read_page()
:读取EEPROM页面。 -
read_page()
:读取页面。 -
read_signature()
:读取签名。
3. 运行过程
-
将Arduino开发板通过USB连接到计算机。
-
将目标AVR微控制器通过SPI接口连接到Arduino。
-
上传代码到Arduino开发板。
-
使用支持AVR ISP的工具(如avrdude)与Arduino通信,执行编程和读取操作。
4. 注意事项
-
硬件限制:此代码适用于支持SPI通信的Arduino开发板。
-
安全警告:确保在运行程序之前,您能够通过其他方式(如物理按键)控制鼠标,以避免失去鼠标控制。
-
编程模式:进入编程模式后,Arduino会接管目标AVR微控制器的编程操作。
-
错误处理:程序通过LED指示错误状态,确保在出现错误时及时处理。
-
版本信息:程序支持获取硬件和软件版本信息。
视频讲解
BiliBili: 视睿网络-哔哩哔哩视频 (bilibili.com)